![]() ![]() Do not establish a two- and three-needled pine nursery close to or within a red oak stand. Inspect plants very carefully and prune all galls. Small, brown, hair-like fungal structures, where the fungus overwinters, develop on the underside of oak leaves late in the growing season. Small areas of yellow-orange spores develop on the underside of oak leaves in the summer. Masses of yellow-orange spores erupt from the galls about a year after infection and blow to red oaks. Apply a fungicide as new needles emerge and again 2 weeks later.Ī few galls, which may swell to 10 inches in diameter, form on two- and three-needled pines. Inspect all newly purchased seedlings carefully for galls. ![]() Approximately 15 months after infection, masses of yellow spores erupt from the galls and infect new pine shoots. Many round galls form on the branches and enlarge up to several inches in diameter. Little damage occurs, and no control measures are recommended. Pines are infected the following summer by spores from asters and goldenrod. These rupture and release orange spores that blow to and infect goldenrod and asters where the fungus overwinters. Two- and three-needled pines develop small, cream-colored, bag-like pustules on the needles. However, if early summer is warm, begin in mid-June. Apply a fungicide three times beginning in mid-July and at 3-week intervals. Space plants and control weeds to ensure good air circulation around the tree. Black fungal fruiting structures that look like lines in the dead area of the needle form on the cast needles. Apply a fungicide three times at 3-week intervals beginning in late May.įrom March through May the year following infection, needles on lower branches turn completely brown and fall. Needles are cast in May through June the year after infection. ![]() Black fungal fruiting structures that look like lines in the dead area of the needle form. Tips of needles girdled by spots die while needle bases remain green and needles remain attached to twig. Do not apply high-nitrogen fertilizer.įrom March through May the year following infection, red-brown spots develop on needles. Spraying at other times is not effective. Apply a fungicide beginning as the buds swell in the spring and repeat application until the needles reach full size. Remove infected twigs to reduce the amount of fungus in the tree. ![]() Old cones and dead needles persist on the tree and have small, dark-brown to black, pimple-like fruiting structures peppering their surface.ĭo not plant young, healthy two- and three-needled pines near older, infected pines. Lower branches are killed in succeeding years. Close examination of the dead and dying tips reveals that the tissue was killed before the needles reached full size. This often occurs on scattered branches low on the tree at first. Shoot tips are attacked in the spring and a canker forms at the base of the new shoot. Apply a fungicide first in mid-March and again in early May, mid-June, mid-August, and mid-October to protect the needles since they can be attacked any time the temperature is above 32☏ and water is on the needle. The brown bars become filled with a tan fungal fruiting structure, which opens wide under very moist conditions. Needles on Mugho, Scots and Austrian pines yellow and have dark-brown bands from September through December the year after infection or from April through June, 2 years after infection. ![]()
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